- FERNS
- Cyatheaceae
- Dicksoniaceae
- GYMNOSPERMS
- Araucariaceae
- Cupressaceae
- Athrotaxis selaginoides (King Billy pine)
- Calocedrus decurrens (California incense-cedar)
- Chamaecyparis obtusa (Japanese cypress)
- Cryptomeria japonica (Japanese cedar)
- Juniperus communis (common juniper)
- Sequoia sempervirens (coast redwood)
- Sequoiadendron giganteum (giant sequoia)
- Thuja occidentalis (white-cedar)
- Thuja plicata (western redcedar)
- Cycadaceae
- Pinaceae
- Abies alba (European silver fir)
- Abies amabilis (Pacific silver fir)
- Abies balsamea (balsam fir)
- Abies firma (momi fir)
- Abies lasiocarpa (subalpine fir)
- Abies lowiana (California white fir)
- Abies magnifica (red fir)
- Abies nordmanniana (Nordmann fir)
- Abies procera (noble fir)
- Abies sachalinensis (Sakhalin fir)
- Larix decidua (European larch)
- Larix laricina (tamarack larch)
- Picea abies (Norway spruce)
- Picea engelmannii (Engelmann spruce)
- Picea glauca (white spruce)
- Picea jezoensis (jezo spruce)
- Picea mariana (black spruce)
- Picea obovata (Siberian spruce)
- Picea orientalis (Caucasian spruce)
- Picea sitchensis (Sitka spruce)
- Pinus albicaulis (whitebark pine)
- Pinus banksiana (jack pine)
- Pinus contorta (lodgepole pine)
- Pinus heldreichii (Bosnian pine)
- Pinus jeffreyi (Jeffrey pine)
- Pinus lambertiana (sugar pine)
- Pinus monticola (western white pine)
- Pinus nigra (European black pine)
- Pinus peuce (Macedonian pine)
- Pinus ponderosa (ponderosa pine)
- Pinus pumila (Siberian dwarf pine)
- Pinus resinosa (red pine)
- Pinus strobus (eastern white pine)
- Pinus sylvestris (Scots pine)
- Pseudotsuga menziesii (Douglas-fir)
- Tsuga canadensis (eastern hemlock)
- Tsuga heterophylla (western hemlock)
- Tsuga mertensiana (mountain hemlock)
- Tsuga sieboldii (southern Japanese hemlock)
- Podocarpaceae
- Taxaceae
- Zamiaceae
- ANGIOSPERMS
- Adoxaceae
- Sambucus nigra (black elder)
- Sambucus palmensis
- Sambucus racemosa (red elderberry)
- Viburnum opulus (guelder rose)
- Viburnum rigidum
- Apocynaceae
- Aquifoliaceae
- Ilex aquifolium (European holly)
- Ilex canariensis (small-leaved holly)
- Ilex colchica
- Ilex integra (mochi tree)
- Araliaceae
- Arecaceae
- Archontophoenix alexandrae (Alexandra palm)
- Licuala ramsayi (fan palm)
- Linospadix minor (walking stick palm)
- Normanbya normanbyi (black palm)
- Oncosperma horridum
- Asteraceae
- Bedfordia arborescens (blanket leaf)
- Bedfordia salicina (blanket leaf)
- Olearia argophylla (musk daisybush)
- Atherospermataceae
- Betulaceae
- Alnus glutinosa (black alder)
- Alnus incana (grey alder)
- Alnus rubra (red alder)
- Alnus viridis (green alder)
- Betula alleghaniensis (yellow birch)
- Betula cordifolia (mountain paper birch)
- Betula ermanii (Erman's birch)
- Betula medwediewii (Caucasian birch)
- Betula occidentalis (water birch)
- Betula papyrifera (paper birch)
- Betula pendula (silver birch)
- Betula pubescens (downy birch)
- Carpinus betulus (European hornbeam)
- Carpinus orientalis (oriental hornbeam)
- Corylus avellana (common hazel)
- Corylus colurna (Turkish hazel)
- Ostrya carpinifolia (hop hornbeam)
- Ostrya virginiana (American hophornbeam)
- Buxaceae
- Calophyllaceae
- Casuarinaceae
- Cercidiphyllaceae
- Clethraceae
- Cornaceae
- Cunoniaceae
- Anodopetalum biglandulosum (horizontal)
- Eucryphia lucida (leatherwood)
- Vesselowskya rubifolia (southern marara)
- Daphniphyllaceae
- Dipterocarpaceae
- Dipterocarpus cornutus
- Dipterocarpus crinitus
- Dipterocarpus grandiflorus
- Dipterocarpus oblongifolius
- Dryobalanops oblongifolia
- Shorea curtisii
- Shorea faguetiana
- Shorea leprosula
- Ebenaceae
- Elaeagnaceae
- Elaeocarpaceae
- Aceratium megalospermum (carabeen)
- Elaeocarpus holopetalus (black olive berry)
- Elaeocarpus reticulatus (blueberry ash)
- Elaeocarpus sylvestris
- Sloanea langii (white carabeen)
- Ericaceae
- Erica arborea (heath tree)
- Erica scoparia (besom heath)
- Rhododendron ponticum (pontic rhododendron)
- Rhododendron tashiroi
- Rhododendron ungernii
- Trochocarpa montana (mountain tree heath)
- Vaccinium arctostaphylos (Caucasian whortleberry)
- Vaccinium padifolium
- Escalloniaceae
- Euphorbiaceae
- Fabaceae
- Acacia celsa (hickory wattle)
- Acacia dealbata (silver wattle)
- Acacia falciformis (mountain hickory)
- Acacia floribunda (gossamer wattle)
- Acacia melanoxylon (Australian blackwood)
- Albizia julibrissin (Persian silk tree)
- Intsia palembanica
- Koompassia excelsa
- Koompassia malaccensis
- Parkia speciosa
- Fagaceae
- Castanea sativa (sweet chestnut)
- Fagus grandifolia (American beech)
- Fagus orientalis (oriental beech)
- Fagus sylvatica (European beech)
- Quercus acuta (Japanese evergreen oak)
- Quercus castaneifolia (chestnut-leaved oak)
- Quercus cerris (Turkey oak)
- Quercus kelloggii (California black oak)
- Quercus macranthera (Caucasian oak)
- Quercus mongolica (Mongolian oak)
- Quercus petraea (sessile oak)
- Quercus robur (pedunculate oak)
- Quercus rubra (northern red oak)
- Hamamelidaceae
- Lamiaceae
- Lauraceae
- Cryptocarya mackinnoniana (rusty laurel)
- Laurus novocanariensis
- Neolitsea aciculata
- Ocotea foetens
- Persea indica
- Magnoliaceae
- Malvaceae
- Argyrodendron peralatum (red crowsfoot)
- Franciscodendron laurifolium (cabbage crowsfoot)
- Heritiera littoralis (keeled-pod mangrove)
- Hibiscus tiliaceus (coast cottonwood)
- Pterocymbium tinctorium
- Tilia begoniifolia (Caucasian linden)
- Tilia cordata (small-leaved linden)
- Tilia maximowicziana
- Tilia platyphyllos (large-leaved linden)
- Meliaceae
- Monimiaceae
- Moraceae
- Myricaceae
- Myristicaceae
- Myrtaceae
- Backhousia bancroftii (Johnstone River hardwood)
- Eucalyptus amygdalina (black peppermint)
- Eucalyptus angophoroides (apple-topped box)
- Eucalyptus cypellocarpa (mountain grey gum)
- Eucalyptus dalrympleana (white mountain gum)
- Eucalyptus delegatensis (alpine ash)
- Eucalyptus fastigata (brown barrel)
- Eucalyptus globulus (Tasmanian blue gum)
- Eucalyptus macarthurii (Camden woollybutt)
- Eucalyptus macrorhyncha (red stringybark)
- Eucalyptus muelleriana (yellow stringybark)
- Eucalyptus nitida (Smithton peppermint)
- Eucalyptus obliqua (messmate stringybark)
- Eucalyptus pauciflora (snow gum)
- Eucalyptus pseudoglobulus (Gippsland blue gum)
- Eucalyptus regnans (mountain ash)
- Eucalyptus viminalis (manna gum)
- Leptospermum lanigerum (woolly tea-tree)
- Lindsayomyrtus racemoides (Daintree penda)
- Melaleuca squarrosa (scented paperbark)
- Rhodamnia sessiliflora (iron malletwood)
- Syzygium hedraiophyllum (red satinash)
- Syzygium monimioides (satinash)
- Syzygium wesa (white Eungella gum)
- Tristaniopsis laurina (water gum)
- Tristaniopsis whiteana
- Xanthostemon chrysanthus (golden penda)
- Nothofagaceae
- Oleaceae
- Fraxinus americana (white ash)
- Fraxinus angustifolia (narrow-leaved ash)
- Fraxinus excelsior (European ash)
- Fraxinus nigra (black ash)
- Fraxinus ornus (manna ash)
- Fraxinus pennsylvanica (red ash)
- Notelaea venosa (veined mock-olive)
- Olea paniculata (marblewood)
- Picconia excelsa
- Pandanaceae
- Pittosporaceae
- Bursaria spinosa (prickly box)
- Pittosporum bicolor (banyalla)
- Pittosporum undulatum (sweet pittosporum)
- Proteaceae
- Banksia marginata (silver banksia)
- Cenarrhenes nitida (Port Arthur plum)
- Lomatia myricoides (river lomatia)
- Musgravea stenostachya (grey silky oak)
- Neorites kevedianus (fishtail silky oak)
- Rhamnaceae
- Frangula alnus (alder buckthorn)
- Frangula purshiana (cascara buckthorn)
- Pomaderris apetala (dogwood)
- Pomaderris aspera (hazel pomaderris)
- Rhamnus glandulosa
- Rhizophoraceae
- Rosaceae
- Amelanchier alnifolia (saskatoon)
- Amelanchier arborea (downy serviceberry)
- Aria alnifolia (alder-leafed whitebeam)
- Aria edulis (whitebeam)
- Crataegus douglasii (black hawthorn)
- Crataegus germanica (common medlar)
- Crataegus laevigata (midland hawthorn)
- Crataegus monogyna (single-seeded hawthorn)
- Crataegus rhipidophylla (sawtoothed hawthorn)
- Hedlundia austriaca (Austrian whitebeam)
- Malus fusca (Pacific crabapple)
- Prunus avium (wild cherry)
- Prunus cerasifera (cherry plum)
- Prunus laurocerasus (cherry laurel)
- Prunus maximowiczii (Miyama cherry)
- Prunus nipponica
- Prunus pensylvanica (pin cherry)
- Prunus virginiana (chokecherry)
- Pyrus communis (wild pear)
- Sorbus americana (American mountain-ash)
- Sorbus aucuparia (European rowan)
- Sorbus commixta (Japanese rowan)
- Sorbus decora (showy mountain-ash)
- Torminalis clusii (wild service tree)
- Rutaceae
- Dinosperma stipitatum (mountain turkey bush)
- Medicosma fareana (white aspen)
- Nematolepis squamea (lancewood)
- Phellodendron amurense (Amur cork tree)
- Salicaceae
- Populus balsamifera (balsam poplar)
- Populus deltoides (plains cottonwood)
- Populus grandidentata (large-tooth aspen)
- Populus nigra (black poplar)
- Populus tremula (common aspen)
- Populus tremuloides (quaking aspen)
- Populus trichocarpa (black cottonwood)
- Salix alba (white willow)
- Salix bebbiana (beaked willow)
- Salix canariensis
- Salix caprea (goat willow)
- Salix exigua (sandbar willow)
- Salix hultenii
- Salix pentandra (bay willow)
- Salix sitchensis (Sitka willow)
- Salix viminalis (common osier)
- Santalaceae
- Sapindaceae
- Acer campestre (field maple)
- Acer cappadocicum (Cappadocian maple)
- Acer circinatum (vine maple)
- Acer glabrum (Douglas maple)
- Acer heldreichii (Heldreich's maple)
- Acer hyrcanum (Balkan maple)
- Acer japonicum (downy Japanese maple)
- Acer macrophyllum (bigleaf maple)
- Acer pensylvanicum (striped maple)
- Acer pictum (painted maple)
- Acer platanoides (Norway maple)
- Acer pseudoplatanus (sycamore maple)
- Acer rubrum (red maple)
- Acer saccharum (sugar maple)
- Acer spicatum (mountain maple)
- Acer trautvetteri (red-bud maple)
- Acer tschonoskii
- Acer ukurunduense (ukurundu maple)
- Acer velutinum (velvet maple)
- Sapotaceae
- Symplocaceae
- Tetramelaceae
- Theaceae
- Trochodendraceae
- Ulmaceae
- Ulmus americana (American elm)
- Ulmus glabra (wych elm)
- Ulmus laevis (European white elm)
- Ulmus minor (field elm)
- Winteraceae
Populus tremula (common aspen, Salicaceae)
- Two large P. tremula on the left, the left one dead. Dead Pinus sylvestris (Scots pine), centre foreground; dead Picea abies (Norway spruce), right foreground; P. abies, other trees. Tyresta National Park, Sweden.
- Picea abies (Norway spruce) forest. 35-metre P. tremula (centre), one of the tallest of the species in Finland, backed by 33-metre P. tremula. Sorbus aucuparia (European rowan) seedlings. Isojärvi National Park, Finland.
- Picea abies (Norway spruce) dominated forest. Betula pendula (silver birch) group, centre. P. tremula (thick trunks, right background). Some small Sorbus aucuparia (European rowan). Isojärvi National Park, Finland.
- Stand of Betula pendula (silver birch, 2., 4. and 5. trunk from left) and P. tremula (the other grey trunks). Picea abies (Norway spruce, background) and shrub-like Juniperus communis (common juniper). Pyhä-Häkki National Park, Finland, at 165 m.
- Picea abies (Norway spruce) forest. P. tremula, extreme left, and dead Betula sp. (birch, white trunk), left. Pyhä-Häkki National Park, Finland, at 165 m.
- All the tree species of Pyhä-Häkki National Park, Finland.
- Moist forest with old Pinus sylvestris (Scots pine, centre foreground and background), P. tremula (large tree, right centre), Betula pubescens (downy birch, smaller trees) and shrub-like Alnus incana (grey alder). Salamajärvi National Park, Finland.
- Picea abies (Norway spruce) dominated forest with one pole-sized Betula pubescens (downy birch, behind the dead tree), Betula pendula (silver birch, white trunks), P. tremula (next left from the dead tree and upper right centre) and shrub-like Alnus incana (grey alder, centre). 32.6-metre P. abies, left centre. Salamajärvi National Park, Finland.
- Spruce mire with dominant Picea abies (Norway spruce). Also P. tremula (with strongly furrowed bark, background) and Betula pubescens (downy birch, with papery bark). Salamajärvi National Park, Finland.
- Picea abies (Norway spruce) forest. P. tremula snag, left centre, and Sorbus aucuparia (European rowan) foliage, right. Patvinsuo National Park, Finland.
