baumzaehlen - Primeval Forests & Their Trees

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copyright christoph hase

Dicksoniaceae

Dicksonia antarctica (soft tree fern)

Agathis microstachya (bull kauri)

Cupressaceae

Cycadaceae

Cycas macrocarpa

Pinaceae

Podocarpaceae

Phyllocladus aspleniifolius (celery-top pine)

Taxaceae

Taxus baccata (European yew)

Zamiaceae

Lepidozamia hopei (zamia palm)

Apocynaceae

Dyera costulata

Aquifoliaceae

Araliaceae

Arecaceae

Asteraceae

Atherospermataceae

Betulaceae

Buxaceae

Buxus sempervirens (European box)

Calophyllaceae

Mesua larnachiana

Casuarinaceae

Allocasuarina littoralis (black sheoak)

Cercidiphyllaceae

Cercidiphyllum japonicum (katsura tree)

Clethraceae

Clethra arborea (lily of the valley tree)

Cornaceae

Cunoniaceae

Daphniphyllaceae

Daphniphyllum macropodum

Dipterocarpaceae

Ebenaceae

Diospyros lotus (date-plum)

Elaeagnaceae

Shepherdia argentea (silver buffaloberry)

Elaeocarpaceae

Ericaceae

Escalloniaceae

Anopterus glandulosus (Tasmanian laurel)

Euphorbiaceae

Fabaceae

Fagaceae

Hamamelidaceae

Lamiaceae

Prostanthera lasianthos (Victorian Christmas bush)

Lauraceae

Magnoliaceae

Magnolia obovata (Japanese bigleaf magnolia)

Malvaceae

Meliaceae

Monimiaceae

Moraceae

Myricaceae

Morella faya

Myristicaceae

Myrtaceae

Nothofagaceae

Oleaceae

Pandanaceae

Pandanus tectorius (beach pandanus)

Pittosporaceae

Proteaceae

Rhamnaceae

Rhizophoraceae

Rosaceae

Rutaceae

Salicaceae

Santalaceae

Exocarpos cupressiformis (cherry ballart)

Sapindaceae

Sapotaceae

Planchonella euphlebia (hickory boxwood)

Symplocaceae

Symplocos myrtacea (Japanese sapphireberry)

Tetramelaceae

Tetrameles nudiflora

Theaceae

Trochodendraceae

Trochodendron aralioides (wheel tree)

Ulmaceae

Winteraceae

Picea abies (Norway spruce, Pinaceae)

: Harz National Park, Germany.

: Harz National Park, Germany.

: Harz National Park, Germany.

: Harz National Park, Germany.

: Harz National Park, Germany.

: Harz National Park, Germany.

: Harz National Park, Germany.

: Harz National Park, Germany.

: Harz National Park, Germany.

: Sorbus aucuparia (European rowan) in P. abies forest. Harz National Park, Germany.

: Harz National Park, Germany.

: Height 56.2 m, girth 671 cm, volume 40-50 cubic metres. Abies alba (European silver fir) foliage, foreground. Biogradska Gora National Park, Montenegro, at 1270 m.

: The 56.2-metre P. abies of the previous image on the right. The other big P. abies, left centre, is 56.0 m tall with a girth of 540 cm. Acer pseudoplatanus (sycamore maple, mossy trunks) and Fagus sylvatica (European beech, pale trunks). The conifer saplings are Abies alba (European silver fir) except the nearest, which is P. abies. Biogradska Gora National Park, Montenegro, at 1270 m.

: 59-metre P. abies emerging from conifer canopy. Left from it Abies alba (European silver fir) and right P. abies. Acer pseudoplatanus (sycamore maple) and Ulmus glabra (wych elm, left). Biogradska Gora National Park, Montenegro, at 1200 m.

: Two large Ulmus glabra (wych elm) trees. Right: height 38 m, girth 541 cm; left: height 38 m, girth 450 cm. Young Abies alba (European silver fir) and P. abies (partly hidden behind foreground U. glabra). Biogradska Gora National Park, Montenegro at 1270 m.

: Bottom: seasonally flooded Salix alba (white willow) forest; behind it Alnus incana (grey alder) - Fraxinus excelsior (European ash) forest; on lower slopes Fagus sylvatica (European beech) dominated forest; on upper slopes Abies alba (European silver fir) dominated forest; top right: narrow crowns of P. abies. Biogradska Gora National Park, Montenegro.

: Höllbachgspreng, Bavarian Forest National Park, Germany.

: P. abies forest. Abies alba (European silver fir) saplings. Höllbachgspreng, Bavarian Forest National Park, Germany.

: P. abies - Fagus sylvatica (European beech) forest. Höllbachgspreng, Bavarian Forest National Park, Germany.

: P. abies seedlings. In the background P. abies (larger trunk) and Fagus sylvatica (European beech). Höllbachgspreng, Bavarian Forest National Park, Germany.

: P. abies forest. Abies alba (European silver fir) and Fagus sylvatica (European beech) saplings. Höllbachgspreng, Bavarian Forest National Park, Germany.

: P. abies forest. Abies alba (European silver fir) saplings and seedlings. Fagus sylvatica (European beech) foliage, left. Acer pseudoplatanus (sycamore maple) foliage, right. Höllbachgspreng, Bavarian Forest National Park, Germany.

: P. abies forest. P. abies and Abies alba (European silver fir) saplings, the latter with bluegreen foliage. Large Fagus sylvatica (European beech), centre background. Acer pseudoplatanus (sycamore maple), left centre. Höllbachgspreng, Bavarian Forest National Park, Germany.

: Large Abies alba (European silver fir) and P. abies (the larger of the fused trunks) and thin Fagus sylvatica (European beech). Mittelsteighütte, Bavarian Forest National Park, Germany.

: P. abies (straight trunks), Abies alba (European silver fir, large tree centre background and foliage right), Acer pseudoplatanus (sycamore maple, thin trunks and foliage, foreground), Fagus sylvatica (European beech, right centre and below the cliff). Höllbachgspreng, Bavarian Forest National Park, Germany.

: Height 49 m, girth 534 cm, at approx. 1500 m. Other trees: Abies alba (European silver fir) and Fagus sylvatica (European beech). Perućica Nature Reserve, Bosnia-Herzegovina.

: Grove of about 55 m tall P. abies and 35-39 m tall Acer pseudoplatanus (sycamore maple). 55-metre P. abies, left. 54-metre P. abies, foreground. 39-metre A. pseudoplatanus, mossy tree beyond author. Fagus sylvatica (European beech) saplings. Perućica Nature Reserve, Bosnia-Herzegovina.

: 57-metre P. abies (girth 340 cm), to right of Michael Spraggon. 52-metre Abies alba (European silver fir), left foreground. Behind it with top visible 54-metre A. alba (girth 400 cm). Young Fagus sylvatica (European beech), right. Elev. 1050 m. Perućica Nature Reserve, Bosnia-Herzegovina.

: Left background dark P. abies, height 52 m, girth 437 cm. Another dark P. abies right background. Other trees: Abies alba (European silver fir) and Fagus sylvatica (European beech). Allium ursinum (ramsons) on forest floor. Perućica Nature Reserve, Bosnia-Herzegovina.

: Bulgaria's tallest tree: P. abies, height 55.4 m, girth 453 cm. Other trees: P. abies, Fagus sylvatica (European beech) and some young Abies alba (European silver fir). Elev. approx. 1550 m. Parangalitsa Strict Nature Reserve, Bulgaria.

: Dead P. abies, girth 452 cm. Also young Fagus sylvatica (European beech). Rothwald Primeval Forest.

: 52-metre P. abies. Also Abies alba (European silver fir) and Fagus sylvatica (European beech). Rothwald Primeval Forest.

: P. abies and Fagus sylvatica (European beech). Rothwald Primeval Forest.

: Seedlings of P. abies (top left and right), Abies alba (European silver fir, bottom centre and right), Fagus sylvatica (European beech, bottom left) and Acer pseudoplatanus (sycamore maple, centre). Rothwald Primeval Forest.

: Fagus sylvatica (European beech) and P. abies. Rothwald Primeval Forest.

: Abies alba (European silver fir), Fagus sylvatica (European beech) and P. abies (background centre with reddish trunk). Rothwald Primeval Forest.

: P. abies (dark green foliage) and Larix decidua (European larch, light green foliage) behind windfall. Wasserkar Primeval Forest.

: P. abies (with dense foliage) and Larix decidua (European larch, e.g. extreme left). Wasserkar Primeval Forest.

: Larix decidua (European larch, light green crowns) and P. abies (dark green crowns). Wasserkar Primeval Forest.

: Larix decidua (European larch, light green crowns) and P. abies (dark green crowns). Wasserkar Primeval Forest.

: Larix decidua (European larch, with light green foliage and foreground left), P. abies (with dark green foliage). Wasserkar Primeval Forest.

: Larix decidua (European larch, taller trees), P. abies (saplings) and Aria edulis (syn. Sorbus aria, whitebeam). Wasserkar Primeval Forest.

: P. abies forest. Also Pinus sylvestris (Scots pine, with reddish upper trunk) and Sorbus aucuparia (European rowan) saplings. Kurjenrahka National Park, Finland.

: P. abies forest. Pinus sylvestris (Scots pine, centre foreground). Sorbus aucuparia (European rowan) saplings. Kurjenrahka National Park, Finland.

: P. abies dominated forest. Pinus sylvestris (Scots pine, reddish trunks). Betula pubescens (downy birch, right foreground). Sorbus aucuparia (European rowan) saplings. Kurjenrahka National Park, Finland.

: P. abies - Pinus sylvestris (Scots pine, with coarse lower and reddish upper bark) forest. Betula pubescens (downy birch) saplings. Kurjenrahka National Park, Finland.

: P. abies dominated forest with one pole-sized Betula pubescens (downy birch, behind the dead tree), Betula pendula (silver birch, white trunks), Populus tremula (common aspen, next left from the dead tree and upper right centre) and shrub-like Alnus incana (grey alder, centre). 32.6-metre P. abies, left centre. Salamajärvi National Park, Finland.

: Spruce mire with dominant P. abies. Also Populus tremula (common aspen, with strongly furrowed bark, background) and Betula pubescens (downy birch, with papery bark). Salamajärvi National Park, Finland.

: Light sparse Pinus sylvestris (Scots pine) forest. Also P. abies (with dense foliage) and Betula pendula (silver birch). Salamajärvi National Park, Finland.

: Pinus sylvestris (Scots pine, with reddish upper trunk), P. abies (with dark green foliage) and Betula pendula (silver birch). Salamajärvi National Park, Finland.

: Old, large Pinus sylvestris (Scots pine). In the background P. sylvestris, P. abies (with dense foliage) and Betula (with white trunk). Salamajärvi National Park, Finland.

: Bog with stunted Pinus sylvestris (Scots pine). In the background P. sylvestris forest with some P. abies (dark green crowns) and Betula. Salamajärvi National Park, Finland.

: Wind fall in P. abies forest. Pinus sylvestris (Scots pine, reddish trunk on the left), Betula pubescens (downy birch, centre background with white trunk) and small Sorbus aucuparia (European rowan, right). Patvinsuo National Park, Finland.

: P. abies forest. Pinus sylvestris (Scots pine, centre background with rough bark) and Betula pendula (silver birch, left with white trunk). Patvinsuo National Park, Finland.

: P. abies forest. Populus tremula (common aspen) snag, left centre, and Sorbus aucuparia (European rowan) foliage, right. Patvinsuo National Park, Finland.

: P. abies forest. Pinus sylvestris (Scots pine, reddish trunks in the background) and Betula pendula (silver birch, background right with whitish trunk). Patvinsuo National Park, Finland.

: P. abies forest in moist valley. Pinus sylvestris (Scots pine, with coarse bark) and Betula pendula (silver birch, with white bark). Tyresta National Park, Sweden.

: Spruce mire with P. abies. Pinus sylvestris (Scots pine, with coarse bark) and Betula pubescens (downy birch). Tyresta National Park, Sweden.

: Two large Populus tremula (common aspen) on the left, the left one dead. Dead Pinus sylvestris (Scots pine), centre foreground; dead P. abies, right foreground; P. abies, other trees. Tyresta National Park, Sweden.

: Old Pinus sylvestris (Scots pine) on rocky site. Other trees: P. sylvestris with reddish trunks and P. abies with dense foliage. Tyresta National Park, Sweden.

: Salix caprea (goat willow). P. abies twigs. Tyresta National Park, Sweden.

: Low Pinus sylvestris (Scots pine) forest at dry rocky site. Small P. abies and Betula pubescens (downy birch). Tyresta National Park, Sweden.

: Wind fall in P. abies forest. Young Sorbus aucuparia (European rowan). Vicinity of Luomajärvi, Helvetinjärvi National Park, Finland.

: Helvetinjärvi National Park, Finland.

: P. abies (dark crowns), Pinus sylvestris (Scots pine, reddish trunks) and Betula pendula (silver birch, light green crowns). Lakeshore of Luomajärvi. Helvetinjärvi National Park, Finland.

: P. abies forest. Populus tremula (common aspen), extreme left, and dead Betula sp. (birch, white trunk), left. Pyhä-Häkki National Park, Finland, at 165 m.

: P. abies, Pinus sylvestris (Scots pine, with coarse lower bark and reddish upper bark) and shrub-like Sorbus aucuparia (European rowan). Pyhä-Häkki National Park, Finland. Elev. 170 m.

: Betula pubescens (downy birch) in P. abies forest. Pyhä-Häkki National Park, Finland, at 165 m.

: Betula pendula (silver birch) in P. abies forest. Pyhä-Häkki National Park, Finland.

: Salix caprea (goat willow) in P. abies forest. Pyhä-Häkki National Park, Finland.

: P. abies forest. White Betula pubescens (downy birch), and shrub-like Sorbus aucuparia (European rowan, centre) and Frangula alnus (alder buckthorn, right). Pyhä-Häkki National Park, Finland, at 164 m.

: Forest on dry soil with P. abies (with dark foliage), Pinus sylvestris (Scots pine, foreground and red trunks in the background) and Betula pendula (silver birch, with white bark). Pyhä-Häkki National Park, Finland, at 175 m.

: Boggy forest with P. abies (foliage on the right), Alnus glutinosa (black alder, dark trunks), Betula pubescens (downy birch, white trunks) and Pinus sylvestris (Scots pine, red trunks, background). Pyhä-Häkki National Park, Finland, at 165 m.

: Alnus incana (grey alder), foreground. P. abies, right; Pinus sylvestris (Scots pine), left. Pyhä-Häkki National Park, Finland.

: Stand of Betula pendula (silver birch, 2., 4. and 5. trunk from left) and Populus tremula (common aspen, the other grey trunks). P. abies (background) and shrub-like Juniperus communis (common juniper). Pyhä-Häkki National Park, Finland, at 165 m.

: Pinus sylvestris (Scots pine) forest. Left P. abies. Right also Betula pubescens (downy birch). Kotajärvi in Pyhä-Häkki National Park, Finland, at 165 m.

: Pinus sylvestris (Scots pine) forest regenerated after wildfire in 1855. P. abies sapling, right. Pyhä-Häkki National Park, Finland, at 175 m.

: All the tree species of Pyhä-Häkki National Park, Finland.

: Spruce mire with dominant P. abies. Pinus sylvestris (Scots pine) with rough bark and the dead tree, right. Gutulia National Park, Norway.

: Mesic P. abies forest. Pinus sylvestris (Scots pine) behind the big P. abies, left centre. Gutulia National Park, Norway.

: Pinus sylvestris (Scots pine) and some P. abies with dense foliage. Gutulia National Park, Norway.

: Fen with Pinus sylvestris (Scots pine) and some small P. abies. Tall P. abies in the background. Gutulia National Park, Norway.

: 31-metre Tilia cordata (small-leaved linden) surrounded by P. abies. Isojärvi National Park, Finland.

: P. abies dominated forest. Betula pendula (silver birch) group, centre. Populus tremula (common aspen, thick trunks, right background). Some small Sorbus aucuparia (European rowan). Isojärvi National Park, Finland.

: Also 35-metre Populus tremula (common aspen, centre), one of the tallest of the species in Finland, backed by 33-metre P. tremula. Sorbus aucuparia (European rowan) seedlings. Isojärvi National Park, Finland.

: Dry Pinus sylvestris (Scots pine) forest. P. abies (with dense foliage) and Betula pendula (silver birch, foreground). Isojärvi National Park, Finland.

: Pinus sylvestris (Scots pine) forest. P. abies (with dark green crowns) and Betula pendula (silver birch, broadleaf trees). Isojärvi National Park, Finland.

: Pinus sylvestris (Scots pine, with coarse lower bark and reddish upper bark), P. abies (with dense foliage), Betula pendula (silver birch, with white bark), saplings of Sorbus aucuparia (European rowan) and shrub-like Juniperus communis (common juniper, centre). Salamanperä Strict Nature Reserve, Finland.

: Pinus sylvestris (Scots pine), P. abies (narrow crowns) and Betula (light green crowns). Salamanperä Strict Nature Reserve, Finland.

: Foreground: Pinus sylvestris (Scots pine) and Betula pubescens (downy birch). Background: P. sylvestris forest with some P. abies (narrow crowns) and Betula pendula (silver birch, light green crowns). Salamanperä Strict Nature Reserve, Finland.

: Small bog with stunted Pinus sylvestris (Scots pine). In the background forest with P. sylvestris, P. abies (narrow crowns) and Betula (light green crowns). Salamanperä Strict Nature Reserve, Finland.

: In the foreground P. abies at the timberline. In the background mainly Abies alba (European silver fir), P. abies and Fagus sylvatica (European beech). Steneto Strict Nature Reserve, Bulgaria.

: Ostrya carpinifolia (hop hornbeam, left) and P. abies (left centre) on rock in Steneto Gorge. Other trees: Fagus sylvatica (European beech). Steneto Strict Nature Reserve, Bulgaria.

: Fagus sylvatica (European beech) and P. abies. Žofínský prales National Nature Reserve, Czechia.

: On the left 51.7-metre Abies alba (European silver fir) at the edge of a small wetland. Other trees: Fagus sylvatica (European beech) and P. abies. Žofínský prales National Nature Reserve, Czechia.

: North-facing slope. Betula pendula (silver birch, broadleaf trees), Pinus peuce (Macedonian pine, conifers with light green crowns), P. abies (medium green crowns), Abies alba (European silver fir, dark green crowns). Rila Monastery Forest Reserve, Bulgaria.

: Abies alba (European silver fir) dominated forest. Also Pinus nigra (European black pine, right), P. abies (larger tree, centre) and Fagus sylvatica (European beech, saplings). Baiuvi dupki-Dzhindzhiritsa Strict Nature Reserve, Bulgaria.